基于自监督学习的病理图像层次分割

在苏木精-伊红(HE)染色病理图像中，细胞染色分布的不均匀和各类组织形态的多样性给病理图像的自动分割带来极大挑战。为解决该问题，提出了一种基于自监督学习的病理图像三步层次分割方法，对病理图像中各类组织进行由粗略到精细的全自动逐层分割。首先，根据互信息的计算结果在RGB色彩空间中进行特征选择；其次，采用K-means聚类将图像初步分割为各类组织结构的色彩稳定区域与模糊区域；然后，以色彩稳定区域为训练集采用朴素贝叶斯分类对模糊区域进行进一步分割，得到完整的细胞核、细胞质和胞外间隙这三类组织结构；最后，对细胞核部分进行结合形状和色彩强度的混合分水岭分割得到细胞核间的精确边界，进而量化计算细胞核个数、核占比、核质比等指标。对脑膜瘤HE染色病理图像的分割实验结果表明，所提方法对于染色和细胞形态差异保持较高的鲁棒性，各类组织区域分割误差在5%以内，在细胞核分割精度的对比实验中平均正确率在96%以上，满足临床自动图像分析的要求，其量化结果可以为定量病理分析提供依据。     

Inverse identification of constitutive parameters from heat source fields: A local approach applied to hyperelasticity

In this paper, a new inverse identification method of constitutive parameters is developed from full kinematic and thermal field measurements. It consists in reconstructing the heat source field from two different approaches by using the heat diffusion equation. The first one requires the temperature field measurement and the value of the thermophysical parameters. The second one is based on the kinematic field measurement and the choice of a thermo-hyperelastic model that contains the parameters to be identified. The identification is carried out at the local scale, ie, at any point of the heat source field, without using the boundary conditions. In the present work, the method is applied to the challenging case of hyperelasticity from a heterogeneous test. Due to large deformations undergone by the rubber specimen tested, a motion compensation technique is developed to plot the kinematic and the thermal fields at the same points before reconstructing the heterogeneous heat source field. In the present case, the constitutive parameter of the Neo-Hookean model has been identified, and its distribution has been characterized with respect to the strain state at the surface of a cross-shaped specimen.     

基于深度学习的秀丽隐杆线虫显微图像分割方法

利用计算机实现自动、准确的秀丽隐杆线虫(C.elegans)的各项形态学参数分析,至关重要的是从显微图像上分割出线虫体态,但由于显微镜下的图像噪声较多,线虫边缘像素与周围环境相似,而且线虫的体态具有鞭毛和其他附着物需要分离,多方面因素导致设计一个鲁棒性的C.elegans分割算法仍然面临着挑战。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的线虫分割方法,通过训练掩模区域卷积神经网络(Mask R-CNN)学习线虫形态特征实现自动分割。首先,通过改进多级特征池化将高级语义特征与低级边缘特征融合,结合大幅度软最大损失(LMSL)损失算法改进损失计算;然后,改进非极大值抑制;最后,引入全连接融合分支等方法对分割结果进行进一步优化。实验结果表明,相比原始的Mask R-CNN,该方法平均精确率(AP)提升了4.3个百分点,平均交并比(mIOU)提升了4个百分点。表明所提出的深度学习分割方法能够有效提高分割准确率,在显微图像中更加精确地分割出线虫体。     

Underwater image enhancement with global–local networks and compressed-histogram equalization

Due to the light absorption and scattering, captured underwater images usually contain severe color distortion and contrast reduction. To address the above problems, we combine the merits of deep learning and conventional image enhancement technology to improve the underwater image quality. We first propose a two-branch network to compensate the global distorted color and local reduced contrast, respectively. Adopting this global–local network can greatly ease the learning problem, so that it can be handled by using a lightweight network architecture. To cope with the complex and changeable underwater environment, we then design a compressed-histogram equalization to complement the data-driven deep learning, in which the parameters are fixed after training. The proposed compression strategy is able to generate vivid results without introducing over-enhancement and extra computing burden. Experiments demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms several state-of-the-arts in both qualitative and quantitative qualities.     

道在山林，周弥六合——浙东天台山“洞天福地”的山岳景观流变及文化意象研究

道教洞天福地作为中国名山风景的经典类型之一，在宗教山岳景观中占据独特地位。浙东天台山水神秀，历代高道以入山隐修为主要目的，形成了道教在区域山林的景观文化基础。从天台山“神仙之乡”的文化背景出发，从“想象与实践”的视角切入，梳理了天台山洞天福地的景观流变：分析其“不死之福庭”地域性景观的形成经历了“赤城→桐柏”的信仰转移过程；以天台山为坐标，洞天福地格局打破了区域“层级”分布特征，而呈现大范围“州郡”空间格局。作为“联结点”的天台山，洞天世界沟通了宇宙、山、人3个基本场域，由此衍生出“洞宫”式和“周回”式山岳空间营建典范。旨在挖掘洞天福地中典型案例的价值，为中国洞天福地体系的构建提供理论依据。     

综掘设备人员识别预警系统

为解决煤矿井下综合掘进设备由于视野盲区造成的后部输送机摆动误伤行人的安全问题,以红外成像和图像处理技术为基础,设计出一种适用于井下综掘设备的人员识别预警系统。系统采用模块化设计和集成封装,在连续采煤机上进行应用测试并进行结构优化,测试证明系统识别精度高,响应迅速,能够准确识别综掘设备危险区域内的行人,并实现危险区域外2 m范围内的人员预警及1 m范围1 s内的中断停机操作。     

A Student's t-based density peaks clustering with superpixel segmentation (tDPCSS) method for image color clustering

Image color clustering is a basic technique in image processing and computer vision, which is often applied in image segmentation, color transfer, contrast enhancement, object detection, skin color capture, and so forth. Various clustering algorithms have been employed for image color clustering in recent years. However, most of the algorithms require a large amount of memory or a predetermined number of clusters. In addition, some of the existing algorithms are sensitive to the parameter configurations. In order to tackle the above problems, we propose an image color clustering method named Student's t-based density peaks clustering with superpixel segmentation (tDPCSS), which can automatically obtain clustering results, without requiring a large amount of memory, and is not dependent on the parameters of the algorithm or the number of clusters. In tDPCSS, superpixels are obtained based on automatic and constrained simple non-iterative clustering, to automatically decrease the image data volume. A Student's t kernel function and a cluster center selection method are adopted to eliminate the dependence of the density peak clustering on parameters and the number of clusters, respectively. The experiments undertaken in this study confirmed that the proposed approach outperforms k-means, fuzzy c-means, mean-shift clustering, and density peak clustering with superpixel segmentation in the accuracy of the cluster centers and the validity of the clustering results.     

Cleaning of viscous drops on a flat inclined surface using gravity-driven film flows

We investigate the fluid mechanics of cleaning viscous drops attached to a flat inclined surface using thin gravity-driven film flows. We focus on the case where the drop cannot be detached either partially or completely from the surface by the mechanical forces exerted by the cleaning fluid on the drop surface. Instead a convective mass transfer establishes across the drop–film interface and the fluid in the drop dissolves into the cleaning film flow, which then transports it away. The characteristic time scale of dissolution is much longer than the advection time scale in the film flow. Thus, the shape and size of the drop can be considered as quasi-steady. To assess the impact of the shape and size of the drop on the velocity of the cleaning fluid, we have developed a novel experimental technique based on particle image velocimetry. We show the velocity distribution at the film surface in the situations both where the film is flowing over a smooth surface, and where it is perturbed by a solid obstacle representing a very viscous drop. We find that at intermediate Reynolds numbers the acceleration of the starting film is overestimated by a plane model using the lubrication approximation. In the perturbed case, the streamwise velocity is strongly affected by the presence of the obstacle. The upstream propagation of the disturbance is limited, but the disturbance extends downstream for distances larger than 10 obstacle diameters. Laterally, we observe small disturbances in both the streamwise and lateral velocities, owing to stationary capillary waves. The flow also exhibits a complex three-dimensional converging pattern immediately below the obstacle.     

Stereo matching cost computation based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform

A new matching cost computation method based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) for stereo image matching is proposed in this paper. Firstly, stereo image is decomposed into high frequency sub-band images at different scales and along different directions by NSCT. Secondly, by utilizing coefficients in high frequency domain and grayscales in RGB color space, the computation model of weighted matching cost between two pixels is designed based on the gestalt laws. Lastly, two types of experiments are carried out with standard stereopairs in the Middlebury benchmark. One of the experiments is to confirm optimum values of NSCT scale and direction parameters, and the other is to compare proposed matching cost with nine known matching costs. Experimental results show that the optimum values of scale and direction parameters are respectively 2 and 3, and the matching accuracy of the proposed matching cost is twice higher than that of traditional NCC cost.     

R-curves determination of ordinary refractory ceramics assisted by digital image correlation method

As a figure-of-merit, the rising ratio of crack propagation resistance to fracture initiation resistance indicates a reduction of the brittleness and enhances the thermal shock resistance of ordinary refractory ceramics. The significant nonlinear fracture behaviour is related to the development of a fracture process zone (FPZ). The universal dimensionless load–displacement diagram method is applied as a promising graphical method for the determination of R-curves for magnesia refractories showing different brittleness. By applying digital image correlation (DIC) together with the graphical method, the problems arisen with accurate determination of the fracture initiation resistance and the crack length are overcome. Meanwhile, the R-curve is subdivided with respect to the fracture processes, viz the fracture initiation, the development of FPZ and the onset of traction free macro-crack. With the simultaneous crack lengths evaluated from DIC, the contribution of each fracture process to the crack propagation resistance at certain loading stage is quantitatively presented.